前言
刚接触这方面，下面是在阅读相关知识时看到的一篇总结性的文章，很多东西没怎么看懂，就先记录下来了。算是对参考文献的阅读笔记吧。
OWASP
一个世界范围的致力于提高应用程序安全性的自由开源社区。
目的是使应用程序的安全性变得可视化
发布一个完整的测试框架，人们可以根据需要建立自己的测试程序。
测试任务——>测试报告
流程
开始web渗透测试——信息搜集——配置以及部署管理测试——身份鉴别管理测试
——认证测试——授权测试——会话管理测试——输入验证测试——错误处理测试
——密码学测试——业务逻辑测试——客户端测试——输出交付件，结束测试
1、收集信息(很关键，收集尽可能多的信息)
OSINT(公开来源情报)、子域名、应用程序入口、web服务器、应用程序框架等
- 各类搜索引擎，对应搜索技巧。google hacking
- 探测web服务器，如Apache、Nginx、IIS等，以及对应版本
- Meta文件（元文件），如robots.txt，页面HTML源码
服务器上的各种应用，
- ssh，rtsp等
- 非80，443端口的web应用
- 同一域名，不同路径的应用
- 页面源码，js代码，meta标签，代码注释等
- 应用入口，执行路径等，要了解站点结构
- web应用框架，JQuery，vue，django，Spring，Struts2，Hibernate等
- 定位应用框架，需要了解整个web应用的框架，画出应用的架构拓扑图
2、配置以及部署管理测试
web环境：操作系统、web服务器、web容器、开发框架、编程语言等
- 对网络和基础设施的配置测试
- web服务器本身的配置测试
- 文件上传以及路径爆破
- 旧文件、备份文件、未引用文件、隐藏文件、临时文件、特殊后缀文件，old、bak
- 枚举管理员入口
- 枚举http方法
- 强制执行使用https
- 分析跨域测试
3、身份鉴别管理测试
登录：身份、认证、授权
认证方式：密码、PIN、工卡、钥匙、指纹、虹膜、签名等
授权方式：DAC（自主访问控制）、MAC（强制访问控制）、RBAC（基于角色的访问控制）、ABAC（基于属性的访问控制）
- 了解角色，基于角色的访问控制RBAC
- 测试注册流程，用户角色分配处理流程
- 用户名枚举，部分弱用户名策略
- 检测guest用户、匿名用户等，测试这些账户的权限
- 账户的暂停和恢复
4、认证测试
怎么证明你是你【狗头】，需要了解认证机制
- 认证传输是否加密，是否不通过https进行认证
- 系统是否有默认凭证，新账户是否有默认密码
- 检测认证过程锁定机制
- 检测认证绕过
- 客户端如何记住密码
- 浏览器缓存
- 弱密码策略检测
- 弱安全问题及答案
- 密码更改和重置检测
- 非客户端与服务端直接交互的认证方式检测，如手机验证码，手机令牌等
5、授权测试
授权测试以会话为中心
- 测试目录遍历/文件包含，判断能否查看无权限查看的东西
- 绕过授权机制，首先要了解如何授权
- 测试越权，分为水平越权和垂直越权，user修改admin信息属于垂直越权，user1修改user2信息属于水平越权
- IDOR，不安全的直接对象引用，引用了不属于自己的对象，如student引用了teacher的id（也可以看作是一个水平越权）
6、会话管理测试
CSRF：Cross-site request forgery，跨站请求伪造，网站用户提交了未经授权的命令，通过跨站请求伪造，网站应用程序信任这些命令。
会话固定、会话退出、会话超时等等
- 会话机制绕过，会话id预测，爆破，劫持等
- 检测cookie是否带有http only和secure属性
- 会话id是否被加密，是否通过get传输，这些都是id可能泄露的途径
- 会话时效性，超时后会话是否依旧有效
- 用户登出后，会话是否有效
- 会话变量重载，即一个对话有多个使用场景
7、输入验证测试
内容很多
8、错误处理测试
输入异常错误，进行测试。
- 检测服务器返回不同状态码时是否存在信息泄露，服务器异常等
- 分析调用栈
9、密码学测试、业务逻辑测试、客户端测试
相对独立，可以独立测试
学习路线
- 网络安全、web安全的一些概念
- 单个漏洞角度学习
- 综合性的web资源
- 安全测试指南解读
多去实践
参考文档
学习资料
- OWASP官网
- owasp-skf单个漏洞讲解
- web-application-security-tools-resources综合性的web安全资源
- 安全测试指南-第四版中文版
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